DOCG Chianti Classico (CC) includes Italian vineyards between Florence & Siena of Castellina, Gaiole, Greve, and Radda and parts of 5 other surrounding communities. CC was exported in 2014 to more than 60 countries led by USA 31%, Italy 18%, Germany 12% and Canada 10%. There is now a new classification for Chianti Classico above Riserva (CCR) called Gran Selezione (GS) which requires the use of only grapes harvested from a winery’s own vineyards. The Consorzio led by Sergio Zingarelli of Rocca delle Macie have been on a North American tour explaining this new system and conducting formal tasting of the wines. More details on the classification with a useful chart can be found here. Interesting to note that the maximum yields for CC, CCR and GS are the same at 7.5 tons/hectare (or 3.35 T/acre) yet different minimum alcohol, maturation, and characteristics prevail:
CC: Minimums: Alcohol 12 Maturation 12 Months “Young Full of fruit, Pleasant, Appealing and Very Drinkable”
CCR: Minimums: Alcohol 12.5 Maturation 24 Months “Bigger Structure & Greater Aging Potential than the Year’s Vintage CC”
GS: Minimums: Alcohol 13 Maturation 30 Months (no stipulation on minimum barrel aging at all) “Perfect Balance between Elegance & Potency, Careful Grape Selection in Finest Years Ensures Great Structure & Equally Great Aging Potential”
The seminar dwelt on GS finesse, refinement and the sensorial characteristics of the Sangiovese Variety “Signature” showing great structure, balance and harmony, depth of flavour, aromatic spicy persistent complexity with the immediacy of the fruit on the palate and the nuances to age. Yet the wines varied widely in style from a very oaky Castello di Gabbiano to 20% merlot added in the Principe Corsini-Villa Le Corti. Still questions are raised about no production volume maximums where large landowners are blending big lots from various regions while smaller producers are only making 2400 bottles (200 cases) or less. GS doesn’t help you understand the different vineyards and regions of CC but is more selection orientated rather than a terroir driven classification. Certification is obtained based on “chemical-physical tests conducted by authorized laboratories and approval of the wine’s organoleptic characteristics by special tasting committees”. Ripeness seems to be important factor as most GS wines were around 14.5 alcohol. Prices vary greatly too from around $35 (Bibbiano) to just under $200 (2010 Felsina Colonia). Nevertheless there are some excellent GS wines arriving in the marketplace that are worth exploring. Check them out.
While most presidents get the keys to 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue after winning an election, others are thrust into this top spot due to extraordinary circumstances. One such occurrence happened when President William McKinley was assassinated in Buffalo, New York. With this horrific event, Vice-President Theodore Roosevelt, the “Hero of San Juan Hill” instantly became America’s new commander-in-chief. “That damned cowboy” as one Republican senator infamously called him was heading back to Washington DC and upon his return, the country’s most prominent residence was about to change drastically. That’s because TR, the legendary Rough Rider would not only remake the presidency—he would also remake the house that enhanced its power.
Vowing to bring an “Oyster Bay atmosphere” to this nineteenth century home, many alterations would be made during TR’s time in office, including the building’s name, which was known prior to 1901 as the “Executive Mansion.” Inspired by the paint color used to cover up the damage done by British soldiers during the War of 1812, Roosevelt re-christened it “The White House,” signaling the start of a new American century. For the next seven and a half years, numerous additions from the West Wing to a tennis court were built at a feverish pace. But arguably the most important renovation occurred where the first family ate, drank and entertained others.
Jackie Kennedy’s 1962 White House Tour Documentary. At 21:08,
she discusses the Roosevelt renovation of the State Dining Room.
After noticing that the State Dining Room could only fit around sixty visitors, TR’s wife Edith demanded that something be done about the lack of space. To accommodate all the guests expected to dine with the Roosevelt’s, the room had to be expanded to house over 100 occupants, a task that required removing both its northern wall and a neighboring staircase. Unfortunately, the wall held up a sizable portion of the house’s west side and over time, its elimination along with numerous instances of architectural malpractice had essentially turned 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue into a giant piece of Swiss cheese. The situation was so dire that by 1948, a massive three-year reconstruction began to repair a building whose foundation was on the verge of collapse.
During Roosevelt’s time, the greatest worry wasn’t support beams or wall studs but big furry rodents who had complete rule of the mansion. Since the late 19th century, rat infestation inside the White House had been an ongoing nuisance. According to historian Deborah Davis, “when they were hungry, they were fearless. If the cook turned her back on a chicken or a roast she was preparing for the President’s dinner, a wily team of rats raced out and dragged it away.” And it wasn’t exclusive to the kitchen either. Throughout his presidency, TR and his sons had to frequently get up from the dining room table in order to chase off the rats that were trying to steal their food. It was a problem that despite the many efforts to combat it, continued to plague the house right up until the Truman administration.
Looking at what TR ate during this time, one can definitely see the influence of Martha Roosevelt, his socialite mother born south of the Mason-Dixon line. According to the diary of military aide Archibald Butt, the president’s secret recipe for fried chicken was sure to make your mouth water:
“I forgot to mention the fact that the fried chicken was covered with white gravy, and oh, so good! The President said that his mother had always said it was the only way to serve fried chicken; that it gave the gravy time to soak into the meat, and that if the gravy was served separately he never took it.”
In addition to this memorable dish, White House Chef Annie O’Rourke was famous for preparing another classic Southern combo of hominy mixed with gravy, which could sometimes be seen on TR’s plate for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Topping that off were sweet potatoes, fiddlehead ferns and wild lettuce all picked from the gardens at Roosevelt’s home in Sagamore Hill—an entire century before the whole farm-to-table movement!
Photo of the White House Kitchen, circa 1901-1908. Courtesy: Library of Congress. (Click to enlarge both)
Washing down all this delicious Southern fare, the president often ordered his favorite drink– a Mint Julep ala Roosevelt. Using fresh mint grown on the White House grounds, TR added rye whiskey instead of bourbon and topped it off with a splash of brandy, making it the perfect libation after a grueling game of tennis in the hot sun. When not court-side however, the president usually abstained from cocktails, confining himself to a glass of white wine.
Writing back in 1878 that wine “makes me awfully fighty,” Roosevelt usually drank in moderation. But that didn’t stop him from letting others think that alcohol had let his guard down. Always having a bottle of wine and sherry at the table whenever his guests arrived for dinner, the president had a valet pour his glass to the top with crushed ice and only a small amount of actual wine. While others thought he was keeping up, in reality, TR was probably the most sober person at the table. Serving as a de facto truth serum, wine became such a powerful tool that Roosevelt had a cellar installed on his presidential yacht, the USS Mayflower. This decision probably came in handy when he negotiated a peace treaty between Japan and Russia in 1905 on board the vessel, which earned him the Nobel Peace Prize.
State Dining Room during the administration of Theodore Roosevelt. Courtesy: Library of Congress.
Back at the White House, the newly renovated State Dining Room had essentially become an extension of Roosevelt’s personality. Reflecting the president’s deep passion for big game hunting, biographer Edmund Morris writes, “a disgruntled-looking moose, and some dozen other North American game mammals, stared glassily out from the walls, bracing for years of presidential monologues.” It was here, surrounded by oak paneling and mahogany furnishing, where some of the most historic moments in American history occurred, including the night Booker T. Washington became the first African-American to dine at the White House when he had dinner with Roosevelt early in his administration.
As the power of the United States grew substantially during TR’s time in office, so did the mansion that came to symbolize the country’s growing strength. A house originally built on a swamp was emerging as the epicenter of pomp and circumstance, designed to impress each and every visitor who stepped inside its walls from the chandeliers that hanged on the walls to the food served on their plates. And ushering in this new era was Theodore Roosevelt who transformed 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue into something much more than a home, but also as a hospitable venue to wine and dine the world’s most powerful leaders while letting them know that America had finally arrived on the world scene.
Sources:
Davis, Deborah. Guest of Honor: Booker T. Washington, Theodore Roosevelt, and the White House Dinner That Shocked a Nation. New York: Atria Books, 2012.
Leech, Margaret. In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1959.
Klara, Robert. The Hidden White House: Harry Truman and the Reconstruction of America’s Most Famous Residence. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2013.
Morris, Edmund. Theodore Rex. New York: Modern Library, 2002.
Morris, Edmund. tThe Rise of Theodore Roosevelt. New York: Modern Library, 2001.
Will-Weber, Mark. Mint Juleps with Teddy Roosevelt: The Complete History of Presidential Drinking. Washington DC: Regnery History, 2014.
Question: I recently inherited a cognac Napoleon grande fine champagne 1808 bottle and don’t know anything about it. I’d like you to help me with some info and value.
Answer: Nice old treasure! Not getting any better in the bottle though so needs to be opened and cherished over several evenings with friends or sent to an auction for sale. Need more information to be able to give you a more specific answer including the house brand and when it was bottled. Grande Champagne is the top of the 6 sub-areas with differences based on factors such as soil, climate, and nearness to the sea which affects the characteristics of the spirit. The old Folle Blanche & St. Emilion grapes often were blended from different years and vineyards in a solera type system for a house style with the oldest here probably from the year 1808. Possible it could be a Vintage Cognac from 1808 but seems unlikely unless you have this further information confirming it. In any case it is very unique and valuable. Similar ones from the early 1800s have sold at auction for several thousand dollars. Check it out.
Current buzz for incorporating more berries into your daily food choices. Good idea! One that is hot but still somewhat below the radar are goji berries even though they have been grown in Asia and been part of Chinese medicine for a long time. The week long EAT! Vancouver show (www.eat-vancouver.com) last week showed many items including the so called super food chia seeds from www.pranana.com. but popular line-ups were at www.gojoy.ca for their smoothies with goji berries grown on their Aldergrove BC farm. They showed their packaged Goji Superfruit Smoothie Booster full of healthy antioxidants. Add that with a banana, Greek yogurt, kale, and an apple or orange and you have an interesting delicious smoothie drink. You could even add some of that chia, flax, or hemp hearts to it. Check out the article last month in Huffington Post called “Goji Berry Benefits: 12 Facts About This Healthy Superfood.”
With a growing demand for 80s nostalgia, more and more people are happily reliving a decade that gave us Reaganomics, Alex P. Keaton and legwarmers! Back when women teased their hair, men rolled up the sleeves of their sport coats and an unconditional war had been declared on fatty foods, the 1980s have become retro-chic with many fads from that era now getting their second wind in 2015. Of course, while there are some things we like to look back at with rose-colored glasses, there are other 80s trends that have been buried deep in our minds in hopes that they’ll never see the light of day again. And in the world of wine, there were no exceptions. So relax and travel back in time (in a DeLorean hopefully!) as we explore five popular wine trends from the 1980s—some good, some bad, but all of them truly memorable!
While oenophiles today cringe at the wine cooler phenomenon of the 1980s, there was no denying its massive popularity during that time. Mixing cheap wine with a variety of artificial fruit flavors, this carbonated and low-alcohol (usually 6-7%) spritzer conquered the market with some unforgettable advertising campaigns. Remember the two old men known as Bartles and Jaymes or a young, pre-Die Hard Bruce Willis letting us know that “this is where the fun starts”? The result was that by 1987, over 50 million cases were sold across the United States, representing a staggering 22 percent of all American wine consumption.
Unfortunately for the industry, by 1991, the party was over. When the U.S. government quintupled the excise tax on wine that year, most manufacturers switched over to blending malt-based alcohol, reducing the wine cooler market to less than 0.1 percent by 2006.
If you were a child of the 80s, you might remember Chardonnay as the wine your yuppie parents ordered at a fancy restaurant. That’s because as California exploded onto the national scene, Chardonnay—the state’s largest varietal—also became its signature grape. Following the Judgment of Paris in 1976, a surge of interest in Golden State wines swept the nation. And in looking to differentiate themselves from the region’s mass-produced wines, experienced chardonnay growers came up with a brilliant marketing strategy. Instead of generic categories, their wines would be labeled by varietal, which quickly became the industry standard. All of a sudden, if you wanted to be in-vogue, you asked the waiter for “a glass of Chardonnay” instead of “a glass of white wine.”
However, unlike the Chardonnays of today, the 1980s were all about vintages with heavy vanilla and butter-like flavors that dominated one’s palate. So as tastes gravitated towards reds and lighter whites in the 1990s, New World oaked-Chardonnays that were all the rage a decade before had quickly become a cliché. Additionally, with growers planting Chardonnay grapes like they were going out of style, a backlash known as A.B.C. (anything but Chardonnay) gained traction, as other white wines demanded their time to shine as the 80s came to a close.
Prior to 1980, Champagne and sparkling wine was something most people drank only on special occasions. But with the emergence of yuppie culture, this bubbly libation took off as both an apéritif and as a status symbol for social climbers looking to show off their new found wealth. “Our research shows that the show-off aspect is an important part of champagne drinking,” said one brand manager for Piper-Heidsieck. By 1987, the sparkling wine market in the U.S. had more than doubled with Champagne exports increasing more than 50 percent from 1983 to 1986. “Were it not for the sensational development in coolers, champagne/sparkling would have been the brightest spot on the wine scene” according to Jobson’s Wine Marketing Handbook 1986.
Matching this increase in demand was a consistent supply throughout the region of Champagne. Roughly only five out of every ten years was the weather good enough to make a vintage bottle. But from 1981-1990, many houses were able to produce a vintage every year with the exception of 1984 and 1987—something unheard of at the time. Sadly, Mother Nature proved no match for the man-made disaster that erupted in October of 1987 when the stock market crashed. With this economic tidal wave, the market for luxurious sparkling wines and Champagnes leveled off, signaling an end to the era of indulgence.
Back in the 80s, do you remember what you did every third Thursday of November? If your answer was attending a lavish Beaujolais Nouveau party, then you definitely were on the cutting edge of the most popular wine fad of the decade!
Made from 100% Gamay grapes, Beaujolais Nouveau was unique in that the entire process from picking the grapes to selling it in the stores was completed in only a matter of weeks. To promote this accomplishment, wineries organized elaborate parties on the third Thursday in November to celebrate the launch of their new vintage. During its heyday, no expense was spared with live elephants and hot air balloons being brought in as oenophiles from across the world sampled this light and fruity wine for the first time. Making sure the bottles arrived at exactly one minute past midnight in all the major cities, many had to be flown in on the Concorde supersonic jet to meet the deadline. From there, restaurants and wine shops battled to be the first ones to offer their customers the newest Beaujolais, making it one of the most successful marketing campaigns of the 1980s.
Unfortunately, many Beaujolais Nouveau wines didn’t live up to the hype and by the end of the decade, the entire spectacle had pretty much fizzled out. The resulting backlash in the 1990s against not only nouveau but the entire region of Beaujolais has led to some difficult times. However, a recent article in the Wine Spectator suggests that a renaissance may be on the horizon.
With sweeping tax cuts and double digit inflation finally under control, America’s top earners saw their disposable income skyrocket throughout the 1980s. And during this new Gilded Age when jeans were out and tuxedos were in, wine became more than just a drink–it also became a collectible. During the massive bull market that followed the 81/82 recession, wine investment suddenly became the cool, hip thing to do for yuppies wanting to demonstrate their affluence. Serving as a catalyst was 1982’s Bordeaux that a critic named Robert Parker writing for The Wine Advocate described as legendary, causing its value to go through the roof. Having 100-point scales and a host of new wine publications, collectors could now make well informed decisions on what to buy, a trend that has continued to this day.
Sources:
Brostrom, Geralyn and Brostrom, Jack. Business of Wine, The: An Encyclopedia. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2009.
Ensrud, Barbara (1990, Jan 4). Looking Back At Wine Of The ’80s.New York Daily News. Retrieved from http://articles.orlandosentinel.com
Ewing-Mulligan, Mary and McCarthy, Ed. Wine for Dummies Fourth Edition. Hoboken: Wiley Publishing Inc., 2006.
Fiedler, Jennifer. The Essential Bar Book: An A-to-Z Guide to Spirits, Cocktails, and Wine, with 115 Recipes for the World’s Great Drinks. New York: Ten Speed Press, 2014.
Gwynn, Mary. Back In Time For Dinner: From Spam to Sushi: How We’ve Changed the Way We Eat. New York: Random House, 2015.
Kanner, Bernice. “Brut Force.” New York Magazine 19 Jan. 1987: 9-10. Print.
Napjus, Alison. “Beaujolais on the Rebound.” Wine Spectator. 31 May 2015: 85-87. Print.
Prial, Frank J. (1995, Aug 30). Wine Talk.New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
Wasser, Chad (2012, June 2). What Happened to Wine Coolers of the 1980s?Wine Folly. Retrieved from http://www.winefolly.com
Zraly, Kevin. Windows on the World Complete Wine Course 2007 Edition. New York: Sterling Publishing, 2006.
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